I am Peter Miles.  I spent much of my working life as a civil servant in various departments of the Government of Canada. In addition I worked in the Research Department of the Bank of Canada – many years ago – and taught in the Economics Department of Concordia University (then Sir George Williams University) in the early 1970’s.  My interests initially were in the field of money and banking and macroeconomics though, since the late ’70’s I have worked in Labour Economics and Energy Economics, the latter as Chief Economist of the National Energy Board and Director General of Energy Regulation.  I retired from the public service in 1994.  From then until the early 2000’s I consulted in the field of the economic regulation of oil and natural gas pipelines in Canada and abroad.